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RISC and CISC Processors

RISC and CISC architecture, what is RISC and CISC architecture, Computer architecture notes, MICT notes, what are the difference between RISC and CISC, risc anc cisc architecture, risc and cisc processor,


RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) Processor

RISC is known as Reduced instruction Set Computer. It is a type of microprocessor that has limited number of instructions. It can execute it's instructions very fast because instructions are very small and simple. 

RISC chips require fewer transistors which make them cheaper to design and produce. Most Instructions complete in one cycle, which allows the processor to handle many instructions at same time. In this type of processor, instructions are register based and data transfer takes place from register to register. 
Features of RISC
  • Simple and small instruction
  • Instruction come under size of one word
  • Instruction take single clock cycle to get executed
  • Simple addressing modes
  • Less data types
  • Pipeline can be achieved
  • More number of general purpose register


CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer) Processor 

CISC is known as Complex Instruction Set Computer. It was first developed by Intel corporation. It contains large number of complex instructions. In this processor instructions are not register based and instructions cannot be completed in one machine cycle. Data transform is from memory to memory. Micro programmed control unit is found in CISC. It also have variable instruction format. 
Features of CISC
  • Complex instruction, hence complex instruction decoding
  • Instruction may take more than single clock cycle to get executed
  • Instruction are larger than one word size
  • Complex addressing mode
  • More data types 
Difference Between CISC and RISC 


RISC CISC
  • It has Large set of instructions with variable formats
  • Data transfer is from register to register.
  •  Instruction are register based.
  •  It takes less memory access
  • It includes single clock. 
  • Instructions are reduced and simple. 
  • It has small set of instructions with fixed format
  • Data transfer is from memory to memory
  • Instructions are not memory based. 
  • It takes more memory access
  • It includes multi clocks. 
  • Instructions are complex. 

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