RISC and CISC Processors

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RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) Processor

RISC is known as Reduced instruction Set Computer. It is a type of microprocessor that has limited number of instructions. It can execute it's instructions very fast because instructions are very small and simple.

RISC chips require fewer transistors which make them cheaper to design and produce. Most Instructions complete in one cycle, which allows the processor to handle many instructions at same time. In this type of processor, instructions are register based and data transfer takes place from register to register.

Features of RISC

Simple and small instruction
Instruction come under size of one word
Instruction take single clock cycle to get executed
Simple addressing modes
Less data types
Pipeline can be achieved
More number of general purpose register

CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer) Processor

CISC is known as Complex Instruction Set Computer. It was first developed by Intel corporation. It contains large number of complex instructions. In this processor instructions are not register based and instructions cannot be completed in one machine cycle. Data transform is from memory to memory. Micro programmed control unit is found in CISC. It also have variable instruction format.

Features of CISC

Complex instruction, hence complex instruction decoding
Instruction may take more than single clock cycle to get executed
Instruction are larger than one word size
Complex addressing mode
More data types

Difference Between CISC and RISC

RISC	CISC
It has Large set of instructions with variable formats Data transfer is from register to register. Instruction are register based. It takes less memory access It includes single clock. Instructions are reduced and simple.	It has small set of instructions with fixed format Data transfer is from memory to memory Instructions are not memory based. It takes more memory access It includes multi clocks. Instructions are complex.